Vita - Werkstatt - Workshop

Vita


My way to making lutes

After my studies as a physicist I first worked for many years in research and development at various research and educational institutions. Based on my enthusiasm for Renaissance and Baroque music I switched to lute making later. In several years I learned how to make historical plucked instruments from instrument makers in Germany and Austria. From 2008 to 2012, I successfully completed a university course in music instrument making at the Faculty of Applied Arts Schneeberg in Markneukirchen. In 2012 I was awarded with the German Musical Instrument Prize for the category 8-course Renaissance Lute.

Unterschiedliche Lauten, Gamben und Gitarren in der Werkstatt - Different lutes, viols and guitars in my workshop
Unterschiedliche Lauten, Gamben und Gitarren in der Werkstatt
Different lutes, viols and guitars in my workshop

Lute making today

The sound of lute instruments has influenced the music of centuries, but after the French Revolution in 1789 the instruments disappeared from musical practice. After a break of almost 200 years, reproductions of these instruments can now be heard again in concerts and in the private sphere. Since the 1970s, musical instrument research has been more intensively concerned with historical sources such as the original instruments still available in museums and collections or old writings and pictures. Since that time, it has been increasingly possible to rediscover the lost knowledge and to approach the essence and sound of these instruments.

For me as a lute maker, employment with historical source material is a highly interesting process. Learning from the proportions and shapes of historical instruments, their construction and building techniques, the artistic design and finally the music which is associated with these instruments make this work so fascinating.

T o p

My acoustic investigations of sounds

As a physicist I am particularly interested in the acoustic investigation and study of the sound behavior of historical plucked instruments, which I carry out in various museums and in my workshop. These investigations provide important insights into the connections between the structure of the instruments and their sound. They show that these instruments were developed in an artistic AND scientific development process far more than is often assumed. Their builders not only had extraordinary artistic and craft skills, they also possessed comprehensive scientific knowledge. The instruments they built were impressively ingeniously designed acoustic systems that could not only have been created from purely aesthetic and artistic specifications.

Akustische Vermessung einer Laute in der Musikinstrumentensammlung im Germanischen Nationalmuseum Nürnberg - Accoustic examination of an lute in the instrument collection of the Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nuernberg
Akustische Vermessung einer Laute in der Musikinstrumentensammlung im Germanischen Nationalmuseum Nürnberg
Acoustic measurement of a lute in the collection of musical instruments in the Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nuremberg

T o p

New construction of instruments according to historical originals

In my workshop I make all kinds of historical plucked instruments from the 16th to 18th century, the golden age of lute instruments, renaissance and baroque guitars, vihuelas and cisterns.

Many instruments are made according to historical originals which I have studied, measured and documented in museums and which are adapted to the customer's wishes regarding sound, design and playing characteristics. In addition, I develop my own models based on my experience with historical originals.

Anfertigung der Halsverzierung einer Schwanenhalsbarocklaute nach Originalbildern, aufgenommen im Museum-Making the neck decoration of a swan neck baroque lute after original picktures, taken in the museum
Anfertigung der Halsverzierung einer Schwanenhalsbarocklaute nach Originalbildern
Making the neck decoration of a swan neck baroque lute after original picktures

"Renoviret" - how instruments can be modified

New instruments also emerge from redesign of historical models, a method that was common at all times of the lute's existence. In the past, very often older, expensive instruments were adapted to the new sound ideals. To simply throw away a good instrument would have been far too bad. The still preserved instruments in the museums and collections show us how creative the instrument makers at that time were. For example, the number of strings on older instruments was increased and instruments were fitted with additional pegboxes, new necks, bridges and, in some cases, new soundboards, thus adapting them to the musically requirements. At that time this was often called "renoviret" and some instruments have labels with this note.

In my opinion, this process is still practicable today, because these changes should always serve to meet the sound requirements or playing convenience ideas of the players or their wishes for the outer design and decoration. For example, it is quite possible to use a model of a historical Renaissance lute and rebuild it as a Baroque lute. Modifications of this kind of historical instrument will be successful if the characteristics of the materials and the construction of the original instrument allow these changes. The necessary knowledge comes from many researches of original instruments.

Entwurf einer Barocklaute - Design of a baroque lute
Entwurf einer Barocklaute
Design of a baroque lute

T o p

Material selection and fine tuning

The sound of a lute is essentially determined by the choice of materials and the adjustment of its components. I spend a lot of time on both. Often the choice of material is given by a certain model instrument or it is a special customer wish. Every historical period has its typical woods, which determine the special sound of their instruments. The most common materials for lute bowls are maple, fruitwood, rosewood or yew, and modern copies or new constructions are mainly made of these woods.

In the museum's collections, however, you can find instruments made of other home-grown woods. Also Thomas Mace, an English musician and music writer, wrote in his "Musick's Monument", London 1676 "of exquisite lutes made of plum, pear or ash".
These indigenous woods are acoustically very well suited for lute or guitar making and allow the construction of wonderful sounding instruments, very typical and perfectly suited to the music of their time. If the customers like it, I like to choose such woods for the body, neck or fingerboard.

Hobeln der Lautendecke auf die punktuell unterschiedliche Stärke - Planning the lute sound board to the selective different thickness
Mit Hobel und Ziehklinge wird die Lautendecke punktuell auf unterschiedliche Stärke ausgearbeitet.
With a plane and a scraper, the soundboard is selectively worked out to different thicknesses.

Historical instruments are also often made of materials such as ivory, tortoiseshell or wood from the tropical rainforest. The use of these materials is today forbidden without question. But there are alternative materials that do not change the character of the instrument and are therefore easily substitutable.

T o p

The tuning of the soundboard - a combination of hearing and measuring

Each component of a lute is essentially determinant for the later sound, but the greatest influence is however made by the top with balking and bridge, but also by its relationship to the bowl and the hole instrument. Therefore, special attention is paid to this element in every phase of construction. Acoustical measurements in my Acoustics Laboratory already support the work during the elaboration of the soundboard thickness. After the bridge and the bars have been glued to the soundboard, the sound tuning is continued. The shapes of all bars are changed until the acoustic impression and the acoustic measurements have reached an optimum. After the tuned top has been glued on the lute bowl, further fine tuning may be necessary. Only when the sound, the attack and decay of the tone, the resonances of the instrument correspond to the conceptions, this sound optimization is finished.

Lautendecke mit aufgeleimten, aber noch nicht abgestimmten Deckenbalken -  Sound board with sound bars, not yet acustically tuned
Lautendecke mit aufgeleimten, aber noch nicht abgestimmten Deckenbalken
Sound board with sound bars, not yet acustically tuned
Akustische Vermessung einer Laute während des Bauens und typisches Grafik einer Messung - Acoustiuc measurement of a lute during construction and typical diagram of a measurement
Akustische Vermessung einer Laute während des Bauens und typische Grafik einer Messung - Acoustiuc measurement of a lute during construction and typical diagram of a measurement

The special characteristic of tone generation with plucked instruments

The great importance of this approach lies in the characteristics of the plucked instruments. In comparison to stringed instruments, where energy is continuously applied to the strings and thus to the instrument during the movement of the bow, the transmission of energy is completed after a short moment of striking or plucking. How successfully the instrument is able to transform the transferred energy into the desired sound depends on the construction of the instrument, its materials and their tuning.
The regard for this characteristic of plucked instruments is very important at all times during construction and I dedicate a large part of my work to the choice of materials and tuning.

Finally, the main aim of my work is to create musical instruments that will meet the wishes and ideas of the players in all their characteristics from sound and design to the playing feeling.

If all senses are touched at the same time, the goal is achieved!

T o p



Impressionen

Werkstattimpessionen Dieter Schossig Werkstattimpessionen Dieter Schossig Werkstattimpessionen Dieter Schossig Werkstattimpessionen Dieter Schossig Werkstattimpessionen Dieter Schossig Werkstattimpessionen Dieter Schossig Werkstattimpessionen Dieter Schossig Werkstattimpessionen Dieter Schossig Werkstattimpessionen Dieter Schossig Werkstattimpessionen Dieter Schossig Werkstattimpessionen Dieter Schossig Werkstattimpessionen Dieter Schossig Werkstattimpessionen Dieter Schossig Werkstattimpessionen Dieter Schossig Werkstattimpessionen Dieter Schossig Werkstattimpessionen Dieter Schossig Werkstattimpessionen Dieter Schossig

T o p



Andere Instrumente - Other instruments

In addition to the classical lutes and guitars, I also come across very interesting instruments in my research in museums or when working with literature sources, which do not occur so often in the everyday life of a lute maker. Examples are the Colascione or the Orpheoreon, the multitude of cisterns or other stringed instruments. Unfortunately, all these instruments are far too rarely represented in everyday musical life. They are a part of music history and should belong to modern music-making practice as solo instruments as well as members of ensembles.
For me as a lute maker (and physicist) the few originals are a very interesting source of study and always lead to a reproduction. Some are also examined, documented and built in the context of project work. If you are interested in such an instrument or if you have wishes for instruments that you cannot find, please write to me. Maybe I already have some information about this, but maybe you can also put me on an interesting track.

Here are some examples of instruments from my workshop.

 

Altgambe, Franz Zacher, Ingolstadt 1697
Alt viol, Franz Zacher, Ingolstadt 1697

Copy of 6-course viol of an lutemaker from my hometown Ingolstadt Franz Zacher from the year 1697. The original label inside the instrument.
Franz Zacher / Lautenmacher
in Ingolstatt 1697
The original is in a very bad state, however, has escaped just so all later restoration attempts or contemporary rebuildings. So are all available parts determinant for sound are in the original state what does the copy especially interesting for me.

Altgambe, Franz Zacher, Ingolstadt 1697

 

Stille Bassgambe
Silent bass viol

Practicing on a stringed instrument can be a problem very quickly if it becomes a burden for all other family members or neighbours. I've looked for a way to reduce the sound radiation pattern of the viola da gamba.
Violins and cellos and double basses there are so-called "silent" instruments. These instruments have mostly no correct soundbox. The vibrations of the strings are captured with a pick-up and electronically amplified. Thus you can set the volume or hear with headphones.
The reduction of vibrations is done at my instrument with ever a pick-up under any bridge foot. The signals are boost with a preamplifier to the instrument to a level which can be used by any normal HiFi amplifier or any other amplifiers. Connected to the instrument is a usual 6.3 mm jack.

Stille Bassgambe

 

Pochette, Michael Ignatz Stadlmann, Wien 1775
Kit after Michael Ignatz Stadlmann, Vienna 1775

Original in Germanischen Nationalmuseum Nuremberg MI761
Exact replica from boat-shaped kit
Corpus: 11 rips from rosewood
with spacers from ebony
Length over all: 440 mm
String length: 255 mm

Pochette

 

7-chörige Silent Renaissancelaute mit Tonabnehmer
7-course silent Renaissance lute with pickups

string length 60 cm, string 6 x 2 + 1 x 1
solid body
rosewood fingerboard, neck and pegbox rosewood veneer, pear pegs
passive pickups, 6.3 mm jack

the instrument on youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E_TyPGeOyD4
www.electricluteproject.com

7-chörige Silent Renaissancelaute

Bei einer weiteren Version wurde auf den zusätzlichen Korpusumriss verzichtet.
In another version, the body outline was removed.

7-chörige Silent Renaissancelaute 7-chörige Silent Renaissancelaute

 

10-chörige Silent Renaissancelaute mit Tonabnehmer
10-course silent Renaissance lute with pickups

string length 60 cm, string 1 x 1 + 6 x 2 + 3 x 1 solid body
fine tuning pegs, activ pickup, 6,3 mm jack

10-chörige Silent Renaissancelaute

 

13-chörige Silent Barocklaute mit Bassreiter
13-course silent baroque lute with bass rider

Body shape and form after Hans Burkholtzer, Füssen 1596, Original in Kunsthistorischen Museum Wien Nr. 44/4056/N.E.48

Customer model left-handed
string length 65 cm, string 2 x 1 + 9 x 2 + 2 x 2
solid body
rosewood fingerboard, pear pegs, passive pickups, 6.3 mm jack
To enhance the very faint sound it can be connected via a typical guitar jack at any kind of amplifier.

13-chörige Silent Barocklaute mit Bassreiter

 

T o p